Tall Lettuce

Welcome to the 2024 edition of the LITFM blog.  This blog is the text-based complement to my weekly posts on Nextdoor.com and the gardening channel on YouTube. In 2023, this blog took on a more formal instructional tone with jokes dispersed within to serve as a hub for conveying information that might not work in a video or weekly update format. The subject matter here is always the wide variety of plant-based foods that you can find growing around you in nature or as some call it ‘Forage Foods’. This ties in with local bartering, and indirectly now we will be including mycology. The primary reason for the change in the blog’s tone and topic came about due to the events of the pandemic, the resulting economic turmoil and other factors. The reality is that we are surrounded with perfectly edible plants that can fill at least some of the void in our dietary needs. There is no reason not to be educated in what is and is not safe and how to prepare it into a nutritious meal. With that said I also realized that in my own way by keeping this blog running I might be butting heads with a billion-dollar pesticide/herbicide/fertilizer industry at times. It has always been in the interest of that industry to label certain things ‘weeds’ so they can sell you product that as time goes by we find out is worse for your health than the weeds are. Coupled with an Agricultural-Education system that peddles the myths of the industry and the old myth that if you can afford a nice lawn you must have wealth we have a population that has been fooled for a long time. So, here we are in 2024, and the forage foods series will continue. I hope all of you who read this blog find the information useful or at least thought provoking. The ‘weeds’ I am listing a certainly found in Zone 8A in North Carolina and should certainly be easy to find in the Southeast regions of America.  Thank you for sticking with LITFM and stay tuned for a year of forage foods.

 

 

Up close and personal, this is a first year Tall Lettuce plant.

As you can see, a first year and a second-year Tall Lettuce are growing next to my Bears Breeches, I'm ok with this as they bring more of the pollinators to my yard.

These are the emerging flowers of a Second-Year Tall Lettuce plant. They will be hosting aphids soon.

 

 

 

Common Name: Tall Lettuce

 

Other Common Names: Wild Lettuce, Canada Lettuce.

 

Botanical Family: Asteraceae (The Aster Family)

 

Botanical Latin Name: Lactuca canadensis

 

Description & Habitat:  Tall lettuce’s native range is unclear though current information suggests it is probably a North American native biennial. It is differentiated from Prickly Lettuce (Lactuca serriola) by a lack of hairs and prickly protrusions on its leaves and stems. This plant will form a large tap root and in its first year just a simple rosette of leaves that resemble those of the Common Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale). In the second year these plants will rapidly gain height and can be up to 6.5 feet tall. These edible plants can be naturally found in disturbed areas, by the roadside, in pastures and open woods but also will appear in yards and areas where mowing isn’t frequent or thorough. Occasionally as with the ones pictured in this blog post they will recur in a specific place in a yard year after year as if perennial. Individual plants in the vegetative and flowering state may be packed together on a small area of ideal soil. The flowers of Tall Lettuce will often remain closed on cloudy days which can be used as a weather indicator of possible precipitation or weather change. The flowers are yellow-orange in color and may turn purplish with age.

 

When & What to Harvest: Just like its cousin Prickly Lettuce, it is really only at its best when you harvest and use the younger leaves and preferably earlier in the spring or late winter. Ideally you want to pick leaves when the plant is less than a foot tall for best results. The flowers are useful for making a version of Dandelion Wine.

 

Poisonous Lookalikes: None known.

 

Related Edible Species: Prickly Lettuce (L. serriola).

 

Recipe:

You can use the greens by themselves or mixed with other forage greens in salads. As a cooked vegetable you can boil the leaves in a small amount of water for about 2 to 5 minutes and then serve with seasonings such as garlic, salt and butter. These leaves also pair well with crumbled feta, bacon if served cooked but in raw form and a robust Italian salad dressing does wonders for them especially with black olives and parmesan.

 

 

With all that garden goodness covered this is the part of the blog where I have to advertise for the Fayetteville City Market. Now I know you readers probably don’t much like advertisements, but my booth at the City Market helps to cover the costs of running the test garden and literally maintains the Research & Development budget that is used to bring you the information that has made up the backbone of this blog.  In addition to being able to process card payments we now take CashApp payments so your payment options for my product have tripled. With that said; if you want to get some GMO-free, Organic fruit, herbs, flowers and perennials, come on down to the Fayetteville City Market on 325 Maxwell Street in downtown Fayetteville between the Hours of 8:00 am and 1:00 pm on Saturdays. Even in bad weather the market goes on though you might have to look for me under the ‘arches’ of the Transportation Museum’s front entryway.

 

 

For those of you wondering what plants are going to be at the market this weekend here is the list.

 

Spring Vegetable Plants

Arugula – Astro

Kale – Kalebration Mix

Swiss Chard – Ruby Red

 

Summer Vegetable Plants (NEW!)

Tomato – Sweet 100

Tomato – Chocolate Cherry

Tomato – Black Krim

Pepper – Habanero

Pepper – Ancho/Poblano

Pepper – Sweet Banana

Pepper – Carolina Wonder

 

Herbs (New!)

Hoan Ngoc

Eucalyptus

 

Garden Plants

Daylilies

Walking Iris

 

Coming Soon:

Garlic Plants

 

 

How to stay in Contact with Us!

Our group’s online presence has migrated to Nextdoor.com. All you need to keep up with all our activities is to have a Nextdoor account and to look for the ‘Sustainable Neighbors of Fayetteville’ group and ask to join! You don’t have to live in Fayetteville to join us! Feel free to ask all your garden questions of our knowledgeable membership and post your cool garden pictures.

 

Sustainable Neighbors of Fayetteville

 

Also please take a gander at the YouTube version of this blog:

The Videos: Look Here

>Newest videos (2): Wood Hyacinth, Blueberries (short video)

 

Meetings are still going on! We now meet at LeClair’s General Store on the First and Third Thursday of every month. Our next meeting is on April 4^th, between 5:30pm and 7:00pm. We are in the back room so come on in and join us for a fun garden chat.

 

The Genesis of a Viewpoint

Welcome back to another episode of Lost In The Farmer’s Market, where we take a look into varied topics regarding sustainability, horticulture and organic practices.  Now this week’s topic was supposed to cover a look at the diversity of the prickly pear family but due to non-

photogenic plant stock and some delays in writing this post the topic has changed just a little bit. Firstly, Easter is this upcoming Sunday and that is the unofficial last frost date in North Carolina. This means yes you can get out there and really start gardening like you mean it, but I would exercise some caution and be mindful of the weather forecasts as our weather has been a bit wobbly this year. Weather woes aside this week’s delayed topic has to do with something around which a lot of big industry revolves. I thought it’d be wise to cap off spring 2018 with a discussion of what defines a weed. You would think the definition of a weed was a very simplistic one but depending on whom you ask the definition varies widely. If you talk to an herbicide company (e.g. Ortho) the list is fairly broad it’s often anything that dares to compete with the grass in your lawn including some species of grass such as non-hybrid Bermuda grass. If you ask a lawn care company (e.g. Truegreen) they are going to tell you what the aforementioned herbicide company did, but they are also going to add to the list just to make an extra few bucks spraying for things that aren’t even a hazard. A third perspective which is much closer to the truth is that of an Agricultural technology college, where the definition is simply that a weed is ‘A plant that is in the wrong place’. This education-oriented answer is one I have personally espoused for a number of years because it is one of the fairer definitions. It is never the fault of a dandelion that it’s seed held aloft on tiny filaments landed where it did due to a fickle wind current. These things cannot be helped, you simply cannot sterilize every inch of soil nor deadhead every bloom or spray every ‘weed’. A perfect weed-free yard is physically impossible it’s an unattainable dream sold to the home owner by a corporate-industrial sales team that wants you to very much become reliant on their product.

But this leads to another interesting definition, and it is one that I think is the best way to define a weed. While I do not recall who said it, ‘A weed is a plant whose virtues have not yet been discovered.’ is an absolutely accurate definition. I would add in that a weed is also a plant whose virtues have been forgotten and are possibly so unprofitable for a corporation to market that it has been intentionally discredited. A good example of this can be potentially found in the Tropical Soursop which is a relative of the native Pawpaw and the equally tropical Cherimoya. Soursop is said to have anti-cancer compounds in it but the research on it’s efficacy is sparse at best. The big pharmaceutical companies can’t market it because they can’t patent a naturally occurring plant and they can’t reproduce its active compounds in a lab. So aside from providing fruit, it’s a plant that could be called a weed because there is no money to be made. I suppose this is the modern face of greed, it’s not about helping people it’s about making stacks of dollars with little regard to the suffering of others. This single-mindedness is abhorrent to me and I am not even a party to it; it is a vile sort of slow state of self-destruction. But, shaming the industry isn’t the point of this article, I want to introduce you to something some of you out there might find surprising.

Taraxicum officinale – True Medicinal Dandelion

This is a sign of the times, a true dandelion that was carefully dug out of the yard and nurtured from last fall through to now. Taken from a survive or die situation this perennial herb is stately when it’s getting all that it needs and it doesn’t have to struggle every day just to make due. It’s a far cry from some of the straggly ones you see in the yard isn’t it? I repotted this in late January and found it’s taproot was easily as big as it’s upper leaf mass. If you’ve never seen a Dandelion’s taproot let me tell you, it’s the color of a fresh parsnip, and can be curled, gnarled or perfectly straight and this one’s was curled and healthy. Some of you who read this are probably wondering why I’m even bothering to grow this. The answer is simple I tried to grow dandelions from French stock (richters seed, 2011) that was bred for big roots so that I could grow my own ingredients for stew (leaves), wine (flowers) and well coffee (roots) and virtually none of the seeds ever sprouted; the few that did simply didn’t make it very far as the southern heat scorched them into oblivion. I tried all kinds of things, with no success which is somewhat ironic because the Chicory (Chichorium intybus) seed that I ordered and grew from the same lot sprouted and is now a perennial feature in a section of a raised bed. I gave up on the dandelions for a while so that I might try other things but in the last two years, true dandelions started to appear in the yard voluntarily. Ironically, they are growing in the back yard where I mow very little and along side varying forms of Dock (Rumex sp.). The Dock family is also known as Sheep Sorrel which amongst weeds has had its virtues proven as it has a cousin that is a showy foliage-based garden perennial in the form of Bloody Dock (Rumex sanguinea). I admit to not knowing why or how the Dandelions suddenly started appearing and growing successfully but I would imagine our weather has something to do with it given that it’s been colder in the winter and warmer in the summer over the last decade or so. It may be that the cold was enough to allow seed that lay dormant in the soil for decades to finally sprout and these Dandelions have been here the whole time waiting for their chance.

On a personal level I’ve come to believe with good supporting evidence that the best definition of a weed is simple. A weed is something that represents all the things that money cannot control, it’s the source of medicine that cannot be owned that actually cures the ailments of the many while it also denies the accumulation of unnecessary wealth. As a final note on the topic I should note that in the Fayetteville area there are two very similar common garden ‘weeds’ that often get mistaken for dandelions. The first is called Prickly or Wild Lettuce (Lactuca canadensis) which is a member of the daisy family and is actually a wild cousin of the lettuce we buy at the market. Wild lettuce is edible but I do suggest consulting a credible publication on how to prepare it (see below).

 

Wild lettuce has a close relative called prickly lettuce, both are in the aster family.

Cat's Ear Dandelion is often more common than true dandelion in Fayetteville.

A second look-alike is the Cat’s Ear Dandelion (Hypochoeris radicata) which as far as I know can be used medicinally and may be edible. This comes with the proviso that you should thoroughly research the edibility of a given ‘weed’ and its preparation methods before you eat it. A good credible publication which I use to determine both edibility and preparation is the Field Guide To North American Edible Wild Plants by Thomas S. Elias & Peter A. Dykeman. I don’t know if this book is still in print but it should be available on Amazon or a similar online service as a hardcopy since it definitely predated the e-reader fad. This brings to a close the second post of March 2018 and while this post was delayed due to a internet outage, it’s better late than never given the circumstances and borrowing wifi.

For note this is where the advertising starts because it keeps the Test Garden’s supplied and running tests so you don’t have to. If you want to get some GMO-free, Organic vegetables, herbs and fruiting shrubs come on down to the Fayetteville City Market on 325 Maxwell Street in downtown Fayetteville between he Hours of 9:00 am and 1:00 pm on Saturdays. Barring bad weather, I’ll be there selling the following spring offerings while supplies last.

Plants Available Now:

Parris Island Romaine Lettuce – $3.00

Lacinato/Dinosaur Kale – $3.00

Italian Parsley – $3.00

Kohlrabi, Purple Vienna - $3.00

Chives - $3.00

Salad Burnet - $3.00

Savory - $3.00

English Thyme - $3.00

Oregano, Italian - $3.00

Fennel, Bronze - $3.00

Chamomile, Roman - $3.00

Rue - $3.00

Lavender, English - $3.00

Mulberry, Dwarf  (2 gal pot) - $15.00

Coming Soon:

Basil, Sweet Genovese (in April)

Swiss Chard

Sage

Santolina (aka Lavender-Cotton)

Hummingbird Mint, Golden Jubilee

Tomatoes

Peppers

Hops, Zeus

Hops, Cascade

Figs, (assorted) (0.5 Gallon pot)

Raspberry, Heritage (2 gallon pot)

If the market isn’t your thing or your schedule does not allow you to go there my premium exotic house plants can be purchased in attractive clay pots with unique embellishments at LeClair’s General Store. LeClair’s General Store is located on 1212 Fort Bragg Road in Fayetteville North Carolina.

This is their Facebook Page:

https://www.facebook.com/leclairsgeneralstore/

The Visit NC page’s Listing:

https://www.visitnc.com/listing/leclair-s-general-store

These days I am generally at the store at least twice a week, maintaining stock and/or delivering new materials so if you go to visit the store there is a fair chance I’ll be present to answer your questions. If not, you can always send me questions through this blog or visit the farmer’s market or pay attention to what Sustainable Neighbors is doing at the link below.

https://www.meetup.com/SustainableNeighbors/

            This brings to a close the sixth LITFM post of the new year, stay tuned the next episode which should be posted roughly around the 4th of April assuming the internet outage issue is solved.