2020, Where's My Spaceship?

Welcome back to another episode of Lost in the Farmers Market. It looks like we finally made it, there are just two episodes left for the year of 2019 and you know what that means. The next episode will be all about the year’s production numbers, which is a tradition intended to prove that organic, GMO-free operations are cost effective. For today’s episode however we are going to discuss several garden topics and some interesting photographs will be included as well.

One of the most important things a gardener, urban farmer or anyone who grows their own food can do is to save seed. It seems natural to let your plants sow their own seed so more of them sprout in the new year, but in reality, some of your plants aren’t perennial, biennial or need help germinating. There is also the consideration of sharing your successful varieties with other enthusiasts that should be a factor in considering what plant’s seed to harvest. Harvesting seed is it’s own skill because you need to know how to collect ripe seed from each specific plant in the correct way. For instance, some are easy to collect; marigolds and zinnias which are both in the daisy family and all you need to do is collect the flower heads after they have faded and turned completely brown. Yet others such as tomatoes are difficult because the seeds are held in gel that preferably must be scooped out and left to break down a bit before you can extract the seed from the ‘aromatic’ sludge. An example of a annual plant that sits somewhere in the middle is Castor Beans where you need to wait for the bright pink seed pods to dry out completely. As if waiting for the pods to dry was not enough you then have to peel off the outer layer, free the seed capsules and then extract the relatively large seed. This process creates a lot of what is called ‘Chaff’ which is the non-seed debris that may be anything ranging from dirt, buts of flower petal, or chunks of seed pod. You then have to do what is called ‘Winnowing’ which is the act of either using air to remove chaff from seed or is in our case more accurately, simply manually picking out non-seed bits from your seed so you don’t have to worry about contamination. Beyond this there is normally a drying period of a week or two depending on seed type to prepare your seed for winter storage. This drying period is to ensure that as little moisture gets into the tight confines of your storage which reduces or prevents incidences of fungus or rot.

This year's Castor Bean Harvest is pretty impressive.

There is one final stage before you store your saved seed, and that is the final inspection. As is seen with the example seeds in this case, in any batch of Castor Beans, there will be a few of them that are malformed, or ‘duds’ simply because they are too small and or under-developed. These seeds may grow mold in storage and have to be removed. Out of the 340 total Castor Bean seeds collected in 2019, 77 were removed because of insufficient size, discoloration indicating a failure to form or they turned out to be hollow. This leaves 263 potentially viable seeds, collected from six mature plants which is quite the turnover. I should note, the original seed was purchased from Botanical Interests in a 4-gram seed packet containing ten seeds. This means not only were the plants successfully grown but they also were significantly fruitful given the labor and time invested. I should note that the variety is ‘Impala’ and despite what the seed packet said, the average height for the specimens was 5.5-6.5 feet tall. All information from the seed packet said 3-4’ was the normal size, so the seed was worth saving from the perspective that the variety may have mutated to be larger. Either way, saving seed has one major economic advantage, you don’t have to buy seed of the same type next year which can translate to a noticeable savings over time. But enough of that, lets see this week's garden photographs.

Loquat - Eryobotrya japonica, In bloom.

 I've told folks about this one, Loquat is a fruit-bearing evergreen tree that gets roughly 25 feet tall and grows readily in our climate. It looks exotic and blooms roughly in late November or December and produces roughly grape sized orange fruit that are sweet and tart. It is not used as a landscape tree as much as it should be because it's largely self-sufficient but has now really showy features. If this one produces fruit in 2020 expect photographs.

 

Siberian Kale - Its prolific and good

Siberian Kale is a middle ground in texture between Dinosaur Kale and something like Scotch Blue Curled. SBC is pretty much the same as you buy at the store, and it gets tender fast under heat and doesn't keep for long in the fridge. Siberian Kale forms long-stemmed leaves is moderately space efficient and will grow to fit the space it is given. It does occasionally have issues with aphids but a lot of leaf greens do and that is easily resolved.

Dinosaur Kale - A kale of many names.

 Dinosaur Kale is also known as the following; Black Cabbage, Tuscan Kale, Lacinato Kale, Cavolo Nero, Black Tuscan Palm, Palm Tree Kale, or Flat Back Kale and man is it good.  Dinosaur Kale is said to be the most nutrient dense Kales you can grow and or buy simply because of it's higher fiber and Lutien content as well as added quantities per serving of critical nutrients. It's upright habit makes it space-efficient and less prone to collecting dirt in the leaves which are curly but not overly so. No other Kale can really sit in a mixing bowl like you see above and pose for a picture like Dinosaur Kale can plus it's tough as nails and will ignore frosts when grown in the garden.

With all that garden goodness covered this is the part of the blog where I have to advertise for the Fayetteville City Market. Now I know you readers probably don’t much like advertisements, but by booth at the City Market helps to cover the costs of running the test garden and literally maintains the Research & Development budget that is used to bring you the information that has made up the backbone of this blog. Also, as of the start of 2019, my booth can now process credit or debit cards thanks to the acquisition of s a Square reader so your payment options have doubled. With that said, if you want to get some GMO-free, Organic vegetables, herbs and fruiting shrubs come on down to the Fayetteville City Market on 325 Maxwell Street in downtown Fayetteville between the Hours of 9:00 am and 1:00 pm on Saturdays. Even in bad weather the market goes on though you might have to look for me under the ‘arches’ of the Transportation Museum’s front entryway.

Plants & Stuff Available Now:

All the Stuff:

Soup Kits: $6.00

Seasoning Packets: $2.00

Ginger, 4oz Packet: $2.00

Pepper Packets: $2.00

Garlic, Whole Bulb: $1.00

Coming Soon:

TBA

These days I am generally at Leclair’s General Store once a week, for the weekly Sustainable Neighbors meeting at 5:30pm through 7:00 pm. If you have questions then I will be there to answer your questions. Since our meetings have an open-door policy you don’t need to sign up for anything or join anything, you can come on in ask for us and join the meetings. If not, you can always send me questions through this blog or visit the farmer’s market or pay attention to what Sustainable Neighbors is doing at the link below.

https://www.meetup.com/SustainableNeighbors/

                        This brings to a close the twenty-fifth LITFM post of the new year, stay tuned the next episode which should be posted on the 27^th of December. There will be more garden updates and other cool stuff.

Graft!

"Hes a Bad Mutha...

Shut your Mouth!

But I'm just talkin' 'bout Graft!

We can dig it!"

Welcome back to the second of forty-six episodes of the 2014 edition of Lost In The Farmers Market. For those of you just tuning into this web log LITFM discusses the ongoing trials of the test gardens, the horticultural trends and other associated stuff about sustainability and organic gardening practices. With that said we have a rather interesting topic for today’s post as we will be talking about the new trend in mail order catalogs and garden centers. Today’s topic is a look at grafted vegetable plants, including a cost comparison against conventional plants. As always the Farmer’s Market Information will be posted with a plant list so you can check out the winter goods.

The commercial sale of grated vegetables is a relatively new thing first appearing in mail order seed catalogs about three years ago. At first it only appeared in the catalogs we at LITFM didn’t order but has finally appeared in the ones we intentionally order so of course someone must be making a buck off it. A grafted vegetable is either a tomato, eggplant or pepper plant where the top half of the plant (scion) is attached to a rootstock of the same species. Basically you have one specific variety of say tomato rootstock with a brandywine type tomato growing top. The variety of scion stock is limited at this time as most sources indicate twenty varieties of tomato scion, three of peppers and two of eggplant. The scion varieties are pretty common and can be bought as seed anywhere and grown relatively easy from seed. For reference the varieties as see are as follows.

1. Tomato – Amish Paste, Big Beef Hybrid, Big Zac Hybrid, Blush Tiger, Brandywine, Celebrity Hybrid, Cherokee Purple, Defiant Hybrid, Delicious, Early Girl Hybrid, Goliath Hybrid, Indigo Apple, Indigo Rose, Jet Setter Hybrid, Juliet Hybrid, Momotaro Hybrid, Mortgage Lifter, Pink Berkeley Tie Die, Sun Sugar Hybrid and Sweet Aperitif.
2. Peppers – Big Bertha Hybrid, Golden Bell, Jalapeno and, King Arthur Hybrid.
3. Eggplant – Epic Hybrid (aka dusky) and, Ping Tung.

So as you can see all the varieties are not much to write home about, they’re well proven, well known and of course fairly safe. This selection is a good marketing strategy, because it does create some name recognition so the option reaches a bigger target audience. However when you really look into the nature of these grafts you notice a trend. For instance in the three seed catalogs that arrived at the test gardens this year the advertisements for the grafted plants are word-for word nearly identical event he page layout is identical which suggests the sellers had to make certain agreements to carry the plants as a distributor. This sort of thing is common with trademarked, patented or copywrite materials and is no real surprise. With more examination you find the prices, all of them sell at the same rate, two plants of your choice for $16.95, with additional plants selling at $7.50.  Also the plants are shipped in 2” containers with specific growing instructions included. Often the seed catalogs will offer a mix of grafted and starter plants as well urging gardeners to compare the two for $14.95 per group of plants. This move is also well played, but one has to ask, have they treated the normal starter plants they sell this way with anything as Bonnie plants tends to do? All one really clever business would have to do here is to treat the starters with a slow release growth retardant and suddenly of course the grafts are going to do better. For the sake of argument we’ll assume no funny business and continue on to where these plants originate.

If you notice on each such advertisement there is a black and white logo that has a big ‘S’ and says Super Naturals. Super naturals is the company that does all the grafting and growing. That said I cannot find a locationfor where Super Naturals is based out of other then that they are the result of the collaborative effort of Plug connection, Garden Life and Log House Plants. Their source for seed is A.P. Whaley, and the source for their Root Stock is territorial Seed Company. The links for all three are below in order of mentions.

http://graftedvegetables.com/wp/

https://awhaley.com/

http://www.territorialseed.com/category/Tomatoes_Rootstock_seeds

A extended search of A.P. Whaley reveals they are largely about selling seed, but are not in any way organic, and have no mentions of if or if not their plant and seed stock is G.M.O. modified or contaminated. Likewise Territorial Seed company sells organic plants but seems to possess no organic certification nor any assurance of using clean plant or seed stock. In fact this leads to another question the specific root stock sold by Territorial is called ‘Super natural’ and is protected by law. I called Territorial to ask about where there root stock originated and they could not tell me. I asked if the rootstock was G.M.O. free or organic and gain no real solid answer. So we don’t know where the rootstock came from. In the same way it is not clear if the seed from A.P. Whaley is clean since they did not indicate either way and Super Naturals proper has no contact number so we can’t call and ask what practices were used to grow their grafted crops.

However, on a trip like this we must see how far the rabbit hole goes and such a trip leads up to the next two points of reference. The instructions for taking care of these grafted plants are a little bit odd. For instance; the instructions say that the tomato must be planted with the graft point above the soil line. This means that depending on where the graft is, you may not be able to use the old plant it an inch deep on the stem method to promote an additional layer of roots. The pictures of the graft are all identical and it seems to demonstrate that the graft is about an inch or so above the soil line, though admittedly there is no object in the picture of comparison to verify this. The logic noted behind this is sound, if the scion (top) is in contact with moisture for any long period it will try and create roots which will negate the value of the graft. More so you apparently have to worry about the root stock trying to create leaves so additional pruning care and once the plant is tall enough Supernaturals suggests  that once the plant is big enough you remove all leaves on the lower 10-12 inches of the plant’s stem and keep it that way. There are other growing suggestions like being careful not to bend the graft point when transplanting, and to avoid over fertilization and use a 15-gallon ‘wine barrel’ type planter. Honestly, the only things in the entire growing instructions worth of note is not to damage the graft, and not to plant too deeply.

This leads to a discussion of the economics of grafted ‘annual’ plants. Now on a perennial plant such as a rose or cherry tree the benefits of a graft are very clear, the long term productivity is very much worth the added cost of the graft. Twenty or so years of harvests will pay for the cost many times over. On a tomato in general use most people grow it as an annual; this may be due to a lack of skill, knowledge or indoor space to overwinter their tomatoes. For that we cannot fault the majority of growers in the case of farms, the cost of obtaining these plants is likely prohibitive so they too must get a pass. For the rest of you out there the problem economically with grafted plants is the cost. You get two plants in 2” pots for $16.95, not counting shipping which is often about $5.00 for just those two plants. So per plant you are talking $10.98 give or take a fraction of a cent. To get the right amount of soil it’s going to cost about $2.12 per plant and the cost of your pot may range from $7.49 for a 14” plastic pot to $32.08 for a wooden whiskey barrel planter. So the minimum total per plant is now $20.59 not counting your choice of fertilizer, tomato cage and any other additional materials you may decide to buy. At most the total is $45.18 and none of this includes the cost of fuel to get to the store to buy the pot, soil and other items.  In short you are putting out a lot of your hard-earned cash for a ‘maybe’.  Now to compare, if you simply bought tomatoes of the same variety from a store like say bLowes,  an individual plant  in a 2”-3” pot might cost about $3.20,  and then the pot and soil would be the same so the total cost would range from $12.81 to $37.40 which is pretty significant. For the cost of potting one grafted plant up the cheapest way possible you can almost pot up two normal plants. For the cost of potting one grafted plant up with a barrel planter you can do the same thing with a grafted plant and still have enough left over to cover your gas to get to the store without going over the cost of the grafted plant.

In short while grafted plants seem to be very good and such from a cost perspective there is no evidence to support their legitimacy. All other aspects must be tested in field conditions against a duplicate plant of the same type as the scion. The successful comparison of plants must be done with equal exposure, feeding and care. To the point, we at LITFM will be testing this under field conditions as a part of a triple study. The three comparisons will be 1 grafted plant versus 1 non-grafted scion plant versus 1 wild study plant. The results should be available later in the year and you will get an update posted here when we start. That said we must shift over to the market information. As some of you may know the Fayetteville City/Farmer’s Market occurs every Saturday from 9:00 AM through 1:00 PM. The market is located at 325 Franklin Street in the parking lot of the Fayetteville Transportation museum and there is no shortage of parking in the area. Here is what will be coming to the Market this week.

Southward Skies: A northern guide to southern Gardening

This is the second edition of my book, which was published using data compiled from several years of test garden operations. It’s written to aid gardeners of all skill levels in successful garden methods that are targeted for the southeast but had proven to be a valued resource for gardens across the eastern coast. It’s certainly a good gift for that gardener you know or for yourself if you’d like to have a reliable field guide. The book costs $25.00 and we do take checks for this item, you can even have it signed.

Black Magic Fertilizer

That’s right you’ve heard about it in trials all summer. This specially formulated liquid fertilizer was made and tested at the test gardens using natural ingredients and no chemicals. The result explosive growth, great harvests and of course no environmental side effects! We’re making batches of this stuff to order, at $6.00 per gallon of fertilizer. You can either order it at the market and pick it up the next week or have it delivered to your home in the Fayetteville area for a delivery charge of an additional $2.00.

Fresh Cut Herbs

Bundles of Fresh Rosemary, short stem

House Plants

9x Holiday Cactus (Deep Pink bloom)

Garden Plants

4x Morris-Heading Cabbage Collards

3x Georgia Collards

1x Stonehead Cabbage

1x Savoy Cabbage

This concludes a surprisingly long episode of Lost in the Farmer’s Market We hope you found the information as presented useful in deciding some of your garden plans for 2014. I hope you check back in next week when the discussion heads towards the nature of what Genetically Modified Organism actually means. Thank you for reading, and as always Keep ‘em Growing!

P.S.

Toe-may-toe or Toe-mah-toe, it doesn’t matter just as long as you’re not getting ripped off when you buy ‘em!


Update: Something I forgot!
Precipitation for the last Week was spread across three days, Saturday, Sunday and Tuesday. A averaged total of 4.65" of rain fell during these events.