Welcome
back to another episode of Lost in the Farmers Market. For this episode I am
going to answer a question I often get in regards to the test gardens. I often
tell visitors that I intentionally plant rather poisonous plants besides
non-poisonous ones because it keeps browsers honest. Of course, I get asked
what I have that is poisonous and typically I’ll just generally gesture at the
gardens and say half of everything you see. This is both my way of being
humorous about it and making a philosophical point, you see some of the most
poisonous plants known also have the most attractive foliage or beautiful
flowers. Danger comes in many forms and knowing what is and isn’t safe to eat in
general is a very important part of being a skilled gardener. So today I am
going to show all of you some of the more obvious culprits for poisonous plants
and tell you why I keep these plants around. I think you’ll enjoy the trip and
I will also include a list of common poisonous garden plants at the end.
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Rhubarb – Rheum rhabarbarum
|
You
know there's a saying about never touching another man’s rhubarb and it’s true,
the leaves of rhubarb contain several poisonous substances but the one you have
to worry about is oxalic acid. Technically the stems have it too but it’s in
lower concentrations and the boiling of the stems in several changes of water
flushes it out.
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| Pokeweed – Phytolacca americana |
Pokeweed
is quite poisonous and becomes more so as it matures, the highest concentration
of its poisonous compounds are found in the roots, stems, leaves and berries
literally in that order from most to least. Even then the berries are pretty
toxic, and it can kill by way of respiratory paralysis. Even so its flowers
bring in the pollinators and its fruit is eaten by wild birds with no issue. I keep
a few of these plants around because they are pretty, and their large leaves
can act as a shield against the hot southern sun.
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| Carolina Lupine – Lupine perennis |
Who
knew lupines were poisonous, but apparently the foliage is especially after they
flower which makes them more of a threat to grazing animals than people. Even
with that fact who could possibly turn down those incredible blue flowers which
bring in the pollinators and the fact that lupines are a legume so they also
fix nitrogen in the soil. It’s a win-win, unless you make a salad out of them.
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| Grecian Foxglove – Digitalis lanata |
Much
like it’s more well-known perennial/biennial cousin Digitalis purpurea,
it too contains the compound digitalin which is a cardiac glycoside. Common foxglove
is also what made VanGogh a little bit crazier but that aside all members of
the digitalis family including the hybrid Digiplexis contain some level of
digitalin and thus are considered poisonous.
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| Purple Hyacinth Bean – Leblab purpureus (aka Dolches leblab) |
I
bet you didn’t see this one coming; yes, purple hyacinth beans are poisonous.
The beans themselves contain cyanogenic glycosides which convert in the stomach
to hydrogen cyanide. Yet this danger can be averted if the beans and their pods
are cooked in several changes of water. It is because of this boiling process
that the two most well-known food products (tofu and tempeh) made of Purple
hyacinth beans are possible. The leaves can be eaten raw or cooked somewhat like
swiss chard, and the roots can be boiled or baked. Not bad for a garden plant
that toughly demands you respect its seeds.
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| Rue – Ruta graveolens |
Disclaimer
alert, I happen to like rue, it’s the one perennial member of the carrot family
in common cultivation aside from fennel that I find useful in cooking. Despite
what I like, I do know that consumption of large quantities of rue is toxic as
its extracts are already known to be mutagenic and hepatoxic. As if that were
not bad enough the sap on the skin can cause phytophotodermatitis, thankfully
cooking the stuff neutralizes the danger.
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| Castor Bean – Ricinus communis |
You
all knew this would be here, castor bean is that exotic plant with the large
seeds with crazy swirly patterns on them calling out to you with it’s promises
of large crazy looking plants with massive tropical foliage, oh and promises of
candy and power. However, the seeds of this plant contain ricin which is
incredibly poisonous as roughly four to eight seeds are enough to kill an adult
human. The poison is actually a defense mechanism to prevent animals from eating
the seeds and is probably the plant’s dark way of getting a nice new lump of
fertilizer.
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| Angel’s Trumpet – Datura metel |
It’s
always the pretty ones that are dangerous and boy does Datura prove the point
as it contains strong concentrations of tropane alkaloids that are flatly fatal
to humans and livestock. The trade off
for the risk is that it’s easy to grow, tends to divert horn worms away from
other nightshades, it’s evening blooming and scented and the seed is super easy
to collect.
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| Flowering Tobacco – Nicotiana sylvestris |
Technically
this flowering tobacco is believed to be one of the parents of smoking tobacco,
but if you tried to smoke it or rub against it while the foliage was wet, you’d
regret both. This ornamental tobacco can still give you green tobacco fever due
to a contact overdoes of nicotine when the foliage is wet. Like wise smoking
it, eh lets just say you’d be worse off for a few days and leave it at that.
While flowering tobacco isn’t exactly as toxic as other entries it’s worthy of
note because without a label or tag it looks just like smoking tobacco.
Known
Poisonous Plants
Rhododendron
– Rhododendron sp.
Lily
of the Valley - Convallaria majalis
Hydrangea
– Hydrangea macrophylla
Daffodil
– Narcissus sp.
Foxglove
– Digitalis purpurea
Larkspur
– Delphinium consolida
Oleander
– Nerium oleander
Purple
Nightshade – Atropa belladonna
Mountain
Laurel – Kalmia latifolia
Mistletoe
– Phoradendron flavescens
Monkshood
– Aconitum sp.
Morning
Glory – Ipomoea spp
English
Ivy – Hedera helix
Lantana
– Lantana camara
With
all that garden goodness covered this is the part of the blog where I have to
advertise for the Fayetteville City Market. Now I know you readers probably don’t
much like advertisements, but by booth at the City Market helps to cover the
costs of running the test garden and literally maintains the Research &
Development budget that is used to bring you the information that has made up
the backbone of this blog. Also, as of
the start of 2019, my booth can now process credit or debit cards thanks to the
acquisition of s a Square reader so your payment options have doubled. With
that said, if you want to get some GMO-free, Organic vegetables, herbs and
fruiting shrubs come on down to the Fayetteville City Market on 325 Maxwell
Street in downtown Fayetteville between the Hours of 9:00 am and 1:00 pm on
Saturdays. Even in bad weather the market goes on though you might have to look
for me under the ‘arches’ of the Transportation Museum’s front entryway.
Plants
& Stuff Available Now:
Herbs:
Agastache, Golden Jubilee: 3” -
$3.00
Aloe, Vera: 4” - $4.00
Basil, Sweet: 3” - $3.00
Basil, Thai: 3” - $3.00
Basil, Mirihani: 3” - $3.00
Etruscan Santolina: 3” - $4.00
Sage, Common: 3” - $3.00
Valerian: 3” - $3.00
Flowers:
Coneflower, Feeling Pink: 3” - $4.00
Coneflower, Pow Wow White: 3” –
$4.00
Lupine,
Carolina: 3” - $4.00
Mexican Sunflower: 4” - $4.00
Salvia, New Dimension Blue: 3” -
$3.00
Salvia, Silver: 3” - $4.00
Fruits
& Vegetables:
Cotton, Mississippi Brown: 3” -
$4.00
Okra, Red-Burgundy: 3” - $3.00
Peppers, Special: 3” – $4.00
Peppers, Assorted: 3” - $1.00
Tomato, Assorted: 3” - $1.00
Coming
Soon:
[TBA
soon]
These
days I am generally at Leclair’s General Store once a week, for the weekly
Sustainable Neighbors meeting at 5:30pm through 7:00 pm. If you have questions
then I will be there to answer your questions. Since our meetings have an open-door
policy you don’t need to sign up for anything or join anything, you can come on
in ask for us and join the meetings. If not, you can always send me questions
through this blog or visit the farmer’s market or pay attention to what
Sustainable Neighbors is doing at the link below.
https://www.meetup.com/SustainableNeighbors/
This brings to a close
the fourteenth LITFM post of the new year, stay tuned the next episode which
should be posted on the 26th of July. There will be more garden updates and
other cool stuff.
